The Epistemic Discourse of Religious Moderation (Moderasi Beragama) in Indonesia
Ubed Abdilah Syarif
Universitas Pradita, Tangerang, Indonesia; Contemporary Islamic Thought, al Musthafa International University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
ubed.abdilah@pradita.ac.id
Abstract
Since its early beginning, the “Religious Moderation” (Moderasi
Beragama) has been a disputed controversy in the making of its epistemic
discourses among parties of religious authorities of Islamic organisations,
particularly Nahdlatul Ulama (N.U.), Muhammadiyah, and
Islamic-based political parties. The issues following controversies are
political bias due to the principles of Religious Moderation that are close to
the characteristics of Islam Nusantara (Archipelagical Islam) of
Nahdlatul Ulama, the close ally of the ruling regime. This research discusses
the epistemic discourse of Religious Moderation based on the genealogical
studies of Michel Foucault. Joko Widodo's administration constructed
"Religious Moderation" as a system of knowledge and political ethics,
even a “state ideology” in maintaining a peaceful religious life and
articulating Indonesian Islam. This research reveals that "Religious
Moderation" epistemically refers to ethical values for Indonesian politics
concerning the nature of Indonesian history and its societal identities of
diversity (Kebhinekaan), ethnicity, religion, languages, and beliefs,
including varieties of Indonesian Islam. Nahdlatul Ulama and Joko
Widodo's administration share the same interests in maintaining a peaceful
religious life and nationalism.
Keywords
religion, moderation, genealogy, epistemology, Islam Nusantara
References
Amirrachman, A., (2015). Islam Berkemajuan untuk Peradaban Dunia, Refleksi dan Agenda Muhammadiyah, Jakarta: Mizan
Azra, A., (2003). The Megawati Presidency, Challenge of Political Islam. In Soesastro, Hadi, Anthony L. Smith, Han Mi Ling (eds.), 2003, Governance in Indonesia, Challenges facing Megawati Presidency, Singapore: ISEAS
Azra, A., (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia, Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern Ulama in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Honolulu: Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen & Unwin and University of Hawai’i Press.
Bourchier, D., & Hadiz, V. R., (2003). Indonesian Politics and Society, A Reader, London and New York: Routledge Curzon
Bruinessen, M. V., (2013). Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam, Explaining "The Conservative Turn," Singapore: ISEAS Publishing
Calvert, J., (2004). The Mythical Foundations of Radical Islam. In: Religion and Politics, Critical Concepts in Religious Studies I, Jeffrey Haynes, (ed.), (2010), New York: Routledge
Crone, P., & Hinds, M. (2003). God's Caliph, Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam, London: Cambridge University Press
Esposito, J. L., & Voll, J. O. (2001). Makers of Contemporary Islam, New York: Oxford University Press
Formici, C., (2012). Islam and The Making of The Nation, Kartosuwiryo and the Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia, Leiden: KITLV Press
Indrayana, D., (2007). Amandemen UUD 1945, Antara Mitos dan Pembongkaran, Jakarta: Mizan
Intan, B. F., (2006). "Public Religion" and the Pancasila-Based State of Indonesia, an Ethical and Sociological Analysis, New York: Peter Lang
Kamali, M. H., (2015). The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam, The Qur’anic Principle of Wasatiyyah, New York: Oxford University Press
Kamil, S., (2022). Islam Nusantara Antara Teks, Konteks Keindonesiaan, dan Kemodernan, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas
Khatab, S., & Bouma, G. D., (2007). Democracy in Islam, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, London-New York: Routledge
Khomeini, I. (2017). Islamic Government, Governance of The Jurist, Tehran: The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works, Department of International Affairs.
Kasimov, O. M.- (ed.), (2014). Mysticism, Messianism and The Construction of Religious Authority in Islam, London: Brill
Kementerian Agama RI, (2019). Moderasi Beragama, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI
Kementerian Agama RI, (2020). Peta Jalan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI
Kuru, A. T. (2019). Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment, A Global and Historical Comparison, London: Cambridge University Press.
Latif, Yudi, (2019). Negara paripurna, Historisitas, Rasionalitas, dan Aktualitas Pancasila, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama
May, T., (1993). Between Genealogy and Epistemology, Psychology, Politics, and Knowledge in the Thought of Michel Foucault, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press
Mir-Hosseini, Z., & Tapper, R. (2006). Islam and Democracy in Iran, Eshkevari and the Quest for Reform, London-New York I.B. Tauris
Moezzi, M. A., (2011). The Spirituality of Shi'i Islam, Beliefs and Practices, The Institute of Ismaili Studies- London-New York: I.B. Tauris.
Muasher, M., (2008). The Arab Center, the Promise of Moderation, New Haven & London: Yale University
Nasr, S. V. R., (2001). Islamic Leviathan, Islam and The Making of State Power, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press
Nugroho, A., & Alnizar, F. (2022). Islam Nusantara Hadiah Indonesia untuk Dunia, Jakarta: PT Kompas Media Nusantara
NUOnline (2023). 11 Poin Hasil Muktamar Pemikiran NU 2023, Gambaran Kehidupan Masyarakat Kini dan Masa Depan, (2023). Retrieved December 5 2023, from https://www.nu.or.id/nasional/11-poin-hasil-muktamar-pemikiran-nu-2023-gambarkan-kehidupan-masyarakat-kini-dan-masa-depan-KfHyI
Romli, M. G. & Tim Ciputat School, (2016). Islam Kita, Islam Nusantara, 5 Nilai Dasar Islam Nusantara, Jakarta: Publisher Ciputat School
Roy, O., (1994). The Failure of Political Islam, (Carol et al..), Massachusets:Harvard University Press
Savant, S. B., & de Felipe, H. (2014). Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies, Understanding the Past, London: Edinburgh University Press in Association with Agha Kahn Univesity.
Suaedy, A., (2022). Transformasi Islam Indonesia Dalam Trend Global: Mencari Penjelasan “Moderasi Beragama” Di Ruang Publik, Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, LIPI, 24 (3), 319-332, Retrieved April, 12, 2023, from https://jmb.lipi.go.id/jmb DOI: 10.55981/jmb.1807
Suaedy, A., (2023). NU dan Konsep Kekuasaan. Retrieved from Alif. I.D., October 20, 2023, https://alif.id/readhmadsuaedy/nu-dan-konsep-kekuasaan-b248457p/
Syahid, A., (2019). Islam Nusantara, Relasi Agama Budaya dan Tendensi Kuasa Ulama, Rajawali Pres, Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada
Thuhaymeen, S. M. bin Saleh, (2013). The explanation of Riyadh Shalihin, The chapter of Moderation in Acts of Obedience and Preserving Deeds, New York: Maktabul Irsyad Publications
Vaezi, A., (2004). Shia Political Thought, London: Islamic Centre of England
Yaqub, A. M., (2013). Al-Ghazalis Moderation in Belief, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ubed.abdilah@pradita.ac.id
Abstract
Since its early beginning, the “Religious Moderation” (Moderasi
Beragama) has been a disputed controversy in the making of its epistemic
discourses among parties of religious authorities of Islamic organisations,
particularly Nahdlatul Ulama (N.U.), Muhammadiyah, and
Islamic-based political parties. The issues following controversies are
political bias due to the principles of Religious Moderation that are close to
the characteristics of Islam Nusantara (Archipelagical Islam) of
Nahdlatul Ulama, the close ally of the ruling regime. This research discusses
the epistemic discourse of Religious Moderation based on the genealogical
studies of Michel Foucault. Joko Widodo's administration constructed
"Religious Moderation" as a system of knowledge and political ethics,
even a “state ideology” in maintaining a peaceful religious life and
articulating Indonesian Islam. This research reveals that "Religious
Moderation" epistemically refers to ethical values for Indonesian politics
concerning the nature of Indonesian history and its societal identities of
diversity (Kebhinekaan), ethnicity, religion, languages, and beliefs,
including varieties of Indonesian Islam. Nahdlatul Ulama and Joko
Widodo's administration share the same interests in maintaining a peaceful
religious life and nationalism.
Keywords
religion, moderation, genealogy, epistemology, Islam NusantaraReferences
Amirrachman, A., (2015). Islam Berkemajuan untuk Peradaban Dunia, Refleksi dan Agenda Muhammadiyah, Jakarta: Mizan
Azra, A., (2003). The Megawati Presidency, Challenge of Political Islam. In Soesastro, Hadi, Anthony L. Smith, Han Mi Ling (eds.), 2003, Governance in Indonesia, Challenges facing Megawati Presidency, Singapore: ISEAS
Azra, A., (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia, Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern Ulama in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Honolulu: Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen & Unwin and University of Hawai’i Press.
Bourchier, D., & Hadiz, V. R., (2003). Indonesian Politics and Society, A Reader, London and New York: Routledge Curzon
Bruinessen, M. V., (2013). Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam, Explaining "The Conservative Turn," Singapore: ISEAS Publishing
Calvert, J., (2004). The Mythical Foundations of Radical Islam. In: Religion and Politics, Critical Concepts in Religious Studies I, Jeffrey Haynes, (ed.), (2010), New York: Routledge
Crone, P., & Hinds, M. (2003). God's Caliph, Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam, London: Cambridge University Press
Esposito, J. L., & Voll, J. O. (2001). Makers of Contemporary Islam, New York: Oxford University Press
Formici, C., (2012). Islam and The Making of The Nation, Kartosuwiryo and the Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia, Leiden: KITLV Press
Indrayana, D., (2007). Amandemen UUD 1945, Antara Mitos dan Pembongkaran, Jakarta: Mizan
Intan, B. F., (2006). "Public Religion" and the Pancasila-Based State of Indonesia, an Ethical and Sociological Analysis, New York: Peter Lang
Kamali, M. H., (2015). The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam, The Qur’anic Principle of Wasatiyyah, New York: Oxford University Press
Kamil, S., (2022). Islam Nusantara Antara Teks, Konteks Keindonesiaan, dan Kemodernan, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas
Khatab, S., & Bouma, G. D., (2007). Democracy in Islam, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, London-New York: Routledge
Khomeini, I. (2017). Islamic Government, Governance of The Jurist, Tehran: The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works, Department of International Affairs.
Kasimov, O. M.- (ed.), (2014). Mysticism, Messianism and The Construction of Religious Authority in Islam, London: Brill
Kementerian Agama RI, (2019). Moderasi Beragama, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI
Kementerian Agama RI, (2020). Peta Jalan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI
Kuru, A. T. (2019). Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment, A Global and Historical Comparison, London: Cambridge University Press.
Latif, Yudi, (2019). Negara paripurna, Historisitas, Rasionalitas, dan Aktualitas Pancasila, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama
May, T., (1993). Between Genealogy and Epistemology, Psychology, Politics, and Knowledge in the Thought of Michel Foucault, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press
Mir-Hosseini, Z., & Tapper, R. (2006). Islam and Democracy in Iran, Eshkevari and the Quest for Reform, London-New York I.B. Tauris
Moezzi, M. A., (2011). The Spirituality of Shi'i Islam, Beliefs and Practices, The Institute of Ismaili Studies- London-New York: I.B. Tauris.
Muasher, M., (2008). The Arab Center, the Promise of Moderation, New Haven & London: Yale University
Nasr, S. V. R., (2001). Islamic Leviathan, Islam and The Making of State Power, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press
Nugroho, A., & Alnizar, F. (2022). Islam Nusantara Hadiah Indonesia untuk Dunia, Jakarta: PT Kompas Media Nusantara
NUOnline (2023). 11 Poin Hasil Muktamar Pemikiran NU 2023, Gambaran Kehidupan Masyarakat Kini dan Masa Depan, (2023). Retrieved December 5 2023, from https://www.nu.or.id/nasional/11-poin-hasil-muktamar-pemikiran-nu-2023-gambarkan-kehidupan-masyarakat-kini-dan-masa-depan-KfHyI
Romli, M. G. & Tim Ciputat School, (2016). Islam Kita, Islam Nusantara, 5 Nilai Dasar Islam Nusantara, Jakarta: Publisher Ciputat School
Roy, O., (1994). The Failure of Political Islam, (Carol et al..), Massachusets:Harvard University Press
Savant, S. B., & de Felipe, H. (2014). Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies, Understanding the Past, London: Edinburgh University Press in Association with Agha Kahn Univesity.
Suaedy, A., (2022). Transformasi Islam Indonesia Dalam Trend Global: Mencari Penjelasan “Moderasi Beragama” Di Ruang Publik, Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, LIPI, 24 (3), 319-332, Retrieved April, 12, 2023, from https://jmb.lipi.go.id/jmb DOI: 10.55981/jmb.1807
Suaedy, A., (2023). NU dan Konsep Kekuasaan. Retrieved from Alif. I.D., October 20, 2023, https://alif.id/readhmadsuaedy/nu-dan-konsep-kekuasaan-b248457p/
Syahid, A., (2019). Islam Nusantara, Relasi Agama Budaya dan Tendensi Kuasa Ulama, Rajawali Pres, Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada
Thuhaymeen, S. M. bin Saleh, (2013). The explanation of Riyadh Shalihin, The chapter of Moderation in Acts of Obedience and Preserving Deeds, New York: Maktabul Irsyad Publications
Vaezi, A., (2004). Shia Political Thought, London: Islamic Centre of England
Yaqub, A. M., (2013). Al-Ghazalis Moderation in Belief, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
