Ethical Review of Relation Between Formal and Informal Leaders in Building National Resilience in Bondowoso Regency, East Java
Ridwan Ahmad Sukri
, Syafiq Effendhy
Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ridwan.as@ugm.ac.id
Abstract
What is meant by national resilience? National resilience is
a dynamic condition of all aspects of national life that contains tenacity,
strength, and toughness with the ability to develop national strength to face
and overcome all threats, challenges, obstacles, and disturbances, both coming
from within and outside the country, directly or indirectly. Endangering the
integrity, identity, and survival of the nation, and the struggle to achieve
national goals. National resilience is a fundamental need that must be pursued
so that a nation continues to exist. Indonesia's national security has
experienced disruption in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic. Bondowoso Regency
responded in various ways to face and anticipate possible obstacles in the
future. Of course, these efforts cannot be separated from the roles of leaders.
Leaders play an important role in mobilizing and optimizing the resilience
potential that exists in society. In Bondowoso, where the majority of the
population is Madurese, there are at least two types of leaders: formal and
informal. Formal and informal leaders in Bondowoso Regency actually have good
relations with each other, synergize, and collaborate. Like Madurese society in
general, the Bondowoso people have local wisdom in the form of a hierarchy of
leaders that must be obeyed, and formal leaders such as the government are in
fourth place. This article focuses on an ethical review of the relationship
between formal and informal leaders in building strong community resilience. The
model of good relations between leaders in society can be a model for building
national resilience that can be imitated by other ethnic groups in Indonesia,
because in various ethnic groups in Indonesia, there are two types of leaders:
formal and informal.
Keywords
national resilience, local wisdom, formal and informal leaders
References
Ahmad, M. R. (2007). Manusia Madura. Yogyakarta: Pilar Media.
Bakker, A., & Zubair, A. C. (1996) Metode Penelitian Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Bertens, K. (1994). Etika. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia
de Jonge, H. M. C. (2021). Handelaren en handlangers: ondernemerschap, economische ontwikkeling en Islam op Madura (Vol. 132). Brill. LIPI translation series (1989): Madura in Four Eras, p. 60-61, Jakarta: Gramedia
De Vos H, (2002) Pengantar Etika, Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana
Hajar, I. (2022). Analisis Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama dalam Warisan Budaya Lokal di Kabupaten Sumenep. Karaton: Jurnal Pembangunan Sumenep, 2(1), 59-66.
Husdinariyanto, H. (2018). Kabupaten Bondowoso Lepas Predikat Daerah Tertinggal. Antaranews.com (13 April 2018). Accessed in July 2023. https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/253170/kabupaten-bondowoso-lepas-predikat-daerah-tertinggal
Karim, A. G., (1997), Kabut di Madura, in Harian Bernas p. 4, June 5, 1997
Moleong, L. J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Pemuda Rosdakarya
Mutrofin, (1996). Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Madura, In: Nadjib, M. (ed). Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Bu-daya Madura, Yogyakarta: LKPSM
Muyassaroh, M., & Dzulkarnain, I. (2022). Konflik Lahan Pemukiman Pada Tanean Lanjheng. DIMENSI-Journal of Sociology, 11(1).
Oscar, A. W. (1996). Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Madura, In: Nadjib, M. (ed). Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Bu-daya Madura, Yogyakarta: LKPSM
Poedjawiyatna, I.R. (1986). Etika: Filsafat Tingkah Laku, Jakarta: Bina Aksara
Razy, M. R. O. A., & Mahzuni, D. (2021). Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Madura Abad 19-20: Sebuah Kajian Ekologi Sejarah. Jurnal Siginjai, 1(2), 65-79.
Sila, M. A., (2019). Kiai dan Blater: Antara Kesalehan dan Kekerasan dalam Dinamika Politik Lokal di Madura, Studia Islamika, 26(1)
Wismayana, Wisnu Mahendra and Ni Komang Desi Pinatih (2020), Pandemi dan Tantangan Ketahanan Na-sional Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis, Jurnal Kajian LEMHANNAS RI, Vol. 43, September 2020, 3-10, Jakarta: Biro humas settama lemhanas RI
Zar, S. (2004). Filsafat Islam, Filosof dan Filsafatnya, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
Zubair, A. C. (1987). Kuliah Etika, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
ridwan.as@ugm.ac.id
Abstract
What is meant by national resilience? National resilience is
a dynamic condition of all aspects of national life that contains tenacity,
strength, and toughness with the ability to develop national strength to face
and overcome all threats, challenges, obstacles, and disturbances, both coming
from within and outside the country, directly or indirectly. Endangering the
integrity, identity, and survival of the nation, and the struggle to achieve
national goals. National resilience is a fundamental need that must be pursued
so that a nation continues to exist. Indonesia's national security has
experienced disruption in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic. Bondowoso Regency
responded in various ways to face and anticipate possible obstacles in the
future. Of course, these efforts cannot be separated from the roles of leaders.
Leaders play an important role in mobilizing and optimizing the resilience
potential that exists in society. In Bondowoso, where the majority of the
population is Madurese, there are at least two types of leaders: formal and
informal. Formal and informal leaders in Bondowoso Regency actually have good
relations with each other, synergize, and collaborate. Like Madurese society in
general, the Bondowoso people have local wisdom in the form of a hierarchy of
leaders that must be obeyed, and formal leaders such as the government are in
fourth place. This article focuses on an ethical review of the relationship
between formal and informal leaders in building strong community resilience. The
model of good relations between leaders in society can be a model for building
national resilience that can be imitated by other ethnic groups in Indonesia,
because in various ethnic groups in Indonesia, there are two types of leaders:
formal and informal.
