The Role of Socio-cultural Relations in Forming Community Perceptions of Geothermal Energy Existence in Lahendong, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Fitria Yusrifa
1
, Siti Murtiningsih
2
, Pri Utami
3
1
Magister of National Resilience Study Program, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
2
Department of Western Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
3
Geothermal Research Centre and Geological Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
fitriayusrifa@mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstract
Lahendong Village of the Tomohon Municipal is one of the geothermal energy-producing areas in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geothermal energy has been a part of Lahendong people's daily life for hundreds of years. The existence of geothermal manifestations and the natural wealth contained therein support the life of the Lahendong people. Through the cultural records of the Lahendong community, geothermal energy is not only defined as the energy that drives power plants but also part of the socio-cultural and historical relations of the Lahendong community since the beginning of the Lahendong Village. This study aims to explore, identify, and analyze how the role of socio-cultural relations forms the community's perception of geothermal energy development in Lahendong. This study used qualitative data collection techniques involving observation of local life, in-depth interviews with the local respondents, and a literature review. The interpretation of the data followed the Hermeneutics-Philosophical method. The results of this study show that the community has local knowledge about geothermal energy through Maengket culture, which combines regional dances and songs. The socio-cultural relations of the Lahendong people have a big role in shaping people's attitudes towards geothermal development. The Lahendong community adheres to the principle of giving in, living in harmony, and minimizing conflict. On the one hand, it is the basis for socio-cultural relations that are full of the value of unity. This cannot be separated from the existence of cultural values that are adhered to through the Mapalus system, namely Sitou Timou Tomou Tou and Torang Samua Basudara which are based on humanist values in life as individual and social beings. The Lahendong people believe that by respecting other people, and treating others like relations, conflicts will be minimized, including in efforts to develop geothermal energy.
Keywords
geothermal, Lahendong, socio-cultural relations, Sitou Timou Tomou Tou
References
Adiwibowo, S., Hadi, S. P., Saptari, A., & Artini, T. (2002). Pelatihan Aspek Sosial AMDAL. Jakarta.
Boyd, S. H., & Walter, M. A. (Eds.). (2012). Cultural Difference and Social Solidarity : Solidarities and Social Function.
Dirgantara, D. (2018). Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Rencana Pembangunan PLTP Gunung Talang-Bukit Kili di Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal Kapita Selekta Geografi, 1(September), 45–55.
Djumaty, B. L. (2015). Dari “Ya” Menjadi “Tidak”: Studi tentang Persepsi dan Sikap Masyarakat Desa Idamdehe Terhadap Rencana Pembangunan PLTP di Idamdehe dan Idemhehe Gamsungi. KRITIS: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan Interdisiplin, XXIV(1), 21–39.
Graafland, N. (1991). Minahasa: Negeri, Rakyat, dan Budayanya (II; E. Endarmoko, A. Suharto, & S. Djabarudi, Eds.). Jakarta: PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Khairulyadi, K., Ikramatoun, S., & Nisa, K. (2022). Durkheim’s Social Solidarity and the Division of Labour: An Overview. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia (JSAI), 3(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v3i2.1792
Lolangion, F. (2021). Etos Kerja Kristen dan Budaya Mapalus sebagai Perberdayaan Ekonomi Gereja di Minahasa. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology), 7(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v7i1.24418
Lombok, L. L. (2014). Pendidikan Tentang Sistem Ekonomi Kerakyatan dalam Hukum Adat Minahasa dengan Metode Value Clarification Technique sebagai Metode Pencapaian Efektifnya. Forum Ilmu Sosial, 41(1), 82–102. Retrieved from http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/FIS JURNAL
Mansi, L. (2007). Fungsi dan Peran Tradisi Mapalus dalam Masyarakat Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Al-Qalam, XX(XIII), 73–84. https://doi.org/doi:10.31969/alq.v13i2.565
Marry, R. T., Armawi, A., Hadna, A. H., & Pitoyo, A. J. (2017). Panas Bumi Harta Karun Yang Terpendam Menuju Ketahanan Energi. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 23(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.26944
Nurwahyudin, D. S., & Harmoko, U. (2020). Pemanfaatan dan Arah Kebijakan Perencanaan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia Sebagai Keberlanjutan Maksimalisasi Energi Baru Terbarukan. Jurnal Energi Baru Dan Terbarukan, 1(3), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2020.10032
Palupi, T., & Sawitri, D. R. (2017). Hubungan Antara Sikap Dengan Perilaku Pro-Lingkungan Ditinjau dari Perspektif Theory Of Planned Behavior. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 14(1), 214–217. Retrieved from https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/view/18936
Pangalila, T., & Mantiri, J. (2020). Nilai Budaya Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara sebagai Model Pendidikan Toleransi. Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v20i01.15924
Parengkuan, F. E. W. (2006). A Contribution to The History of Mapalus in The Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 8(2), 1–18.
Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Pertamina Geothermal Energy. (2022). Lahendong. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from Situs Resmi Pertamina Geothermal Energy website: https://www.pge.pertamina.com/id/operasi-sendiri/lahendong
Riady, A. S. (2021). Agama dan Kebudayaan Masyarakat Perspektif Clifford Geertz. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia, 2(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v2i1.1199.
Salaki, R. J. (2014). Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Melalui Budaya Mapalus Suku Minahasa. Jurnal Studi Sosial, 6(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.35305.60004
Sumintadireja, P., Sudarman, S., & Zaini, I. (2001). The Lahendong Geothermal Field Boundary Based on Geological and Geophysical Data. Proceeding of the 5th INAGA Annual Scientific Conference and Exhibitions, 1–8. Yogyakarta.
Suroso, E., Yanfika, H., Martin, Y., Mutolib, A., Listiana, I., & Alimmudin. (2020). Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Potensi Panas Bumi di Kecamatan Way Tenong, Lampung Barat. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 4(2), 124–132.
Turang, T. I., Soemarno, Suman, A., & Mandang, J. (2014). The Role of Mapalus in Improving The Wealth of Farmers in Tomohon Sub-district, Tomohon Municipality, North Sulawesi. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(1), 08–12. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19180812
Utami, P., Khasani, Roeroe, J., Tuerah, N., Bachrun, Z. I., Rozaq, K., & Gumalag, M. (2011). Lahendong Geothermal Education Park: A Proposed Geothermal Public Education Facility in The Eastern Part of Indonesia. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 2011 Proceedings, 1–5. Rotorua, New Zealand.
Weichart, G. (2004). Identitas Minahasa: Sebuah Praktik Kuliner. Antropologi Indonesia, 74, 59–80. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i74.3510
Yusrifa, F. (2020a). Makna Filosofis di Balik Tradisi “Mapalus” di Minahasa dan Penerapannya dalam Penegakan Pilar Ketahanan Nasional. In H. Santoso (Ed.), Eksplorasi Kekayaan Filsafat dan Kearifan Lokal Nusantara Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Indonesia Maju (pp. 78–88). Yogyakarta: Laboratorium Filsafat Nusantara, Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yusrifa, F. (2020b). Menyelami Makna Filosofis Siklus Kehidupan Masyarakat Minahasa Kuno Melalui Artefak Waruga dan Bekal Kubur. In S. M. G. Tambunan (Ed.), International Conference on Indonesia Culture (Connectivity and Sustainability : Fostering Cultural Commong in Indonesia) (pp. 708–717). Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Tenaga dan Lembaga Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Yusrifa, F. (2023). Kajian Ketahanan Energi Wilayah Terhadap Relasi Sosial dan Budaya Pada Masyarakat dalam Menyikapi Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi Di Lahendong, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yusrifa, F., & Murtiningsih, S. (2023). “Arisan Rukun”: The Cultural Strategy of the Lahendong Community, North Sulawesi in Maintaining Brotherhood Ties from Generation to Generation (Study of Social Solidarity Theory of Emile Durkheim). Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities, 9, 00008. https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.49440
Yusuf, N., & Hasan, F. (2020). Pilar-Pilar Kerukunan Beragama di Sulawesi Utara. Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies, 3(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.32662/gjgops.v3i2.1116
2 Department of Western Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
3 Geothermal Research Centre and Geological Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
fitriayusrifa@mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstract
Lahendong Village of the Tomohon Municipal is one of the geothermal energy-producing areas in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geothermal energy has been a part of Lahendong people's daily life for hundreds of years. The existence of geothermal manifestations and the natural wealth contained therein support the life of the Lahendong people. Through the cultural records of the Lahendong community, geothermal energy is not only defined as the energy that drives power plants but also part of the socio-cultural and historical relations of the Lahendong community since the beginning of the Lahendong Village. This study aims to explore, identify, and analyze how the role of socio-cultural relations forms the community's perception of geothermal energy development in Lahendong. This study used qualitative data collection techniques involving observation of local life, in-depth interviews with the local respondents, and a literature review. The interpretation of the data followed the Hermeneutics-Philosophical method. The results of this study show that the community has local knowledge about geothermal energy through Maengket culture, which combines regional dances and songs. The socio-cultural relations of the Lahendong people have a big role in shaping people's attitudes towards geothermal development. The Lahendong community adheres to the principle of giving in, living in harmony, and minimizing conflict. On the one hand, it is the basis for socio-cultural relations that are full of the value of unity. This cannot be separated from the existence of cultural values that are adhered to through the Mapalus system, namely Sitou Timou Tomou Tou and Torang Samua Basudara which are based on humanist values in life as individual and social beings. The Lahendong people believe that by respecting other people, and treating others like relations, conflicts will be minimized, including in efforts to develop geothermal energy.Keywords
geothermal, Lahendong, socio-cultural relations, Sitou Timou Tomou TouReferences
Adiwibowo, S., Hadi, S. P., Saptari, A., & Artini, T. (2002). Pelatihan Aspek Sosial AMDAL. Jakarta.
Boyd, S. H., & Walter, M. A. (Eds.). (2012). Cultural Difference and Social Solidarity : Solidarities and Social Function.
Dirgantara, D. (2018). Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Rencana Pembangunan PLTP Gunung Talang-Bukit Kili di Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal Kapita Selekta Geografi, 1(September), 45–55.
Djumaty, B. L. (2015). Dari “Ya” Menjadi “Tidak”: Studi tentang Persepsi dan Sikap Masyarakat Desa Idamdehe Terhadap Rencana Pembangunan PLTP di Idamdehe dan Idemhehe Gamsungi. KRITIS: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan Interdisiplin, XXIV(1), 21–39.
Graafland, N. (1991). Minahasa: Negeri, Rakyat, dan Budayanya (II; E. Endarmoko, A. Suharto, & S. Djabarudi, Eds.). Jakarta: PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Khairulyadi, K., Ikramatoun, S., & Nisa, K. (2022). Durkheim’s Social Solidarity and the Division of Labour: An Overview. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia (JSAI), 3(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v3i2.1792
Lolangion, F. (2021). Etos Kerja Kristen dan Budaya Mapalus sebagai Perberdayaan Ekonomi Gereja di Minahasa. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology), 7(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v7i1.24418
Lombok, L. L. (2014). Pendidikan Tentang Sistem Ekonomi Kerakyatan dalam Hukum Adat Minahasa dengan Metode Value Clarification Technique sebagai Metode Pencapaian Efektifnya. Forum Ilmu Sosial, 41(1), 82–102. Retrieved from http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/FIS JURNAL
Mansi, L. (2007). Fungsi dan Peran Tradisi Mapalus dalam Masyarakat Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Al-Qalam, XX(XIII), 73–84. https://doi.org/doi:10.31969/alq.v13i2.565
Marry, R. T., Armawi, A., Hadna, A. H., & Pitoyo, A. J. (2017). Panas Bumi Harta Karun Yang Terpendam Menuju Ketahanan Energi. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 23(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.26944
Nurwahyudin, D. S., & Harmoko, U. (2020). Pemanfaatan dan Arah Kebijakan Perencanaan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia Sebagai Keberlanjutan Maksimalisasi Energi Baru Terbarukan. Jurnal Energi Baru Dan Terbarukan, 1(3), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2020.10032
Palupi, T., & Sawitri, D. R. (2017). Hubungan Antara Sikap Dengan Perilaku Pro-Lingkungan Ditinjau dari Perspektif Theory Of Planned Behavior. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 14(1), 214–217. Retrieved from https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/view/18936
Pangalila, T., & Mantiri, J. (2020). Nilai Budaya Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara sebagai Model Pendidikan Toleransi. Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v20i01.15924
Parengkuan, F. E. W. (2006). A Contribution to The History of Mapalus in The Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 8(2), 1–18.
Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Pertamina Geothermal Energy. (2022). Lahendong. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from Situs Resmi Pertamina Geothermal Energy website: https://www.pge.pertamina.com/id/operasi-sendiri/lahendong
Riady, A. S. (2021). Agama dan Kebudayaan Masyarakat Perspektif Clifford Geertz. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia, 2(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v2i1.1199.
Salaki, R. J. (2014). Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Melalui Budaya Mapalus Suku Minahasa. Jurnal Studi Sosial, 6(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.35305.60004
Sumintadireja, P., Sudarman, S., & Zaini, I. (2001). The Lahendong Geothermal Field Boundary Based on Geological and Geophysical Data. Proceeding of the 5th INAGA Annual Scientific Conference and Exhibitions, 1–8. Yogyakarta.
Suroso, E., Yanfika, H., Martin, Y., Mutolib, A., Listiana, I., & Alimmudin. (2020). Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Potensi Panas Bumi di Kecamatan Way Tenong, Lampung Barat. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 4(2), 124–132.
Turang, T. I., Soemarno, Suman, A., & Mandang, J. (2014). The Role of Mapalus in Improving The Wealth of Farmers in Tomohon Sub-district, Tomohon Municipality, North Sulawesi. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(1), 08–12. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19180812
Utami, P., Khasani, Roeroe, J., Tuerah, N., Bachrun, Z. I., Rozaq, K., & Gumalag, M. (2011). Lahendong Geothermal Education Park: A Proposed Geothermal Public Education Facility in The Eastern Part of Indonesia. New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 2011 Proceedings, 1–5. Rotorua, New Zealand.
Weichart, G. (2004). Identitas Minahasa: Sebuah Praktik Kuliner. Antropologi Indonesia, 74, 59–80. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i74.3510
Yusrifa, F. (2020a). Makna Filosofis di Balik Tradisi “Mapalus” di Minahasa dan Penerapannya dalam Penegakan Pilar Ketahanan Nasional. In H. Santoso (Ed.), Eksplorasi Kekayaan Filsafat dan Kearifan Lokal Nusantara Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Indonesia Maju (pp. 78–88). Yogyakarta: Laboratorium Filsafat Nusantara, Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yusrifa, F. (2020b). Menyelami Makna Filosofis Siklus Kehidupan Masyarakat Minahasa Kuno Melalui Artefak Waruga dan Bekal Kubur. In S. M. G. Tambunan (Ed.), International Conference on Indonesia Culture (Connectivity and Sustainability : Fostering Cultural Commong in Indonesia) (pp. 708–717). Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Tenaga dan Lembaga Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Yusrifa, F. (2023). Kajian Ketahanan Energi Wilayah Terhadap Relasi Sosial dan Budaya Pada Masyarakat dalam Menyikapi Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi Di Lahendong, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yusrifa, F., & Murtiningsih, S. (2023). “Arisan Rukun”: The Cultural Strategy of the Lahendong Community, North Sulawesi in Maintaining Brotherhood Ties from Generation to Generation (Study of Social Solidarity Theory of Emile Durkheim). Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities, 9, 00008. https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.49440
Yusuf, N., & Hasan, F. (2020). Pilar-Pilar Kerukunan Beragama di Sulawesi Utara. Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies, 3(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.32662/gjgops.v3i2.1116
