Anthropocentric Study on the Role of Human Power in the Household Waste Management System of the Bajo Tribe Settlement in Boalemo, Gorontalo
Fitria Yusrifa1
1
, Dominikus Yoeli Wilson Laia
2
, Shoim Mardiyah
3
1
Gerakan Indonesia Mengajar Foundation, Indonesia
2
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
fitriayusrifa@mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstract
The Bajo tribe, inhabiting the coastal area of Tilamuta in Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo, has established sea-based settlements over several decades. As a community famously referred to as the "people of the sea," the Bajo people maintain a close connection with the marine environment, relying heavily on marine resources for sustenance. Paradoxically, the management of household waste in the Bajo Boalemo settlement contradicts the purported harmonious relationship between the Bajo people and the marine ecosystem. This study aims to comprehensively investigate, identify, and analyze the human power influencing the household waste management system in the Bajo Tribe settlement in Boalemo, Gorontalo. Employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including in-depth interviews and literature reviews, the research delves into the present perceptions, behaviours, and attitudes of the Bajo people in Tilamuta regarding household waste management in their community. The findings reveal that a majority of Bajo residents in Tilamuta acknowledge the detrimental impact of solid inorganic waste on the marine environment, recognizing its adverse effects on the quality of life for marine biota. In contrast, they view solid organic waste, such as food scraps and losses, and liquid waste, like sewage, as environmentally friendly, leading to intentional disposal into the sea, which is, in fact, harmful to the environment. Despite awareness of the risks associated with solid inorganic waste, occasional disposal into the sea persists, underscoring a form of anthropocentrism where convenience often outweighs environmental considerations. Addressing this issue requires a pivotal role from the government, involving raising awareness, disseminating crucial information about waste and its environmental impacts, and providing suitable facilities for waste management in Tilamuta. This study underscores the necessity of proactive measures to align the Bajo people's practices with sustainable environmental stewardship.
Keywords
Bajo tribe, household waste management system, anthropocentric study, Boalemo
References
Andrews, E. A. (2020). Legal and Policy Challenges for Future Marsh Preservation in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Wetlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01389-z
Areia, N. P., Tavares, A. O., & Costa, P. J. M. (2023). Public perception and preferences for coastal risk management: Evidence from a convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Science of the Total Environment, 882(January), 163440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163440
Arisaputri, S. B. N., Budimawan, B., Selamat, M. B., Lampe, M., Naping, H., & Rukmana, D. (2020). Changes in Bajo community settlement patterns case study of Bone Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 564(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012071
Aviste, R. P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2023). Antecedents of environmental values and pro-environmental behaviour intentions: A self-determination theory approach. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 88(April), 102023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102023
Bonin-Font, F., Lalucat, J., Oliver-Codina, G., Massot-Campos, M., Font, E. G., Carrasco, P. L. N. (2018). Evaluating the impact of sewage discharges on the marine environment with a lightweight AUV. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.071
Chen, M., & Martens, P. (2023). Environmental Concern and Public Attitudes Toward Marine Life in Coastal China. Anthrozoos, 36(1), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2022.2101247
Dewailly, E., Pereg, D., Knap, A. Y., Rouja, P., Galvin, J., Owen, R. (2008). Exposure and effects of seafood borne contaminants in maritime populations. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York, NY.
Ghijselinck, D. (2023). Relational values of nature: Outgrowing anthropocentrism by enriching human-nature relationships? Journal for Nature Conservation, 73(March), 126386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126386
Fleming, L. E., Broad, K., Clement, A., Dewailly, E., Elmir, S., Knap, A., Pomponi, S. A., Smith, S., Gabriele, H. S., Walsh, P. (2006). Oceans and human health: Emerging public health risks in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 53, 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.012
Ho, M. T., Nguyen, T. H. T., Nguyen, M. H., La, V. P., & Vuong, Q. H. (2022). Good ethics cannot stop me from exploiting: The good and bad of anthropocentric attitudes in a game environment. Ambio, 51(11), 2294–2307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01742-y
Holeton, C., Chambers, P. A., Grace, L. (2011). Wastewater release and its impacts on Canadian waters. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68, 1836-1859. https://doi.org/10.1139/F2011-096
Kalpokiene, J., & Kalpokas, I. (2023). Creative encounters of a posthuman kind – anthropocentric law, artificial intelligence, and art. Technology in Society, 72(September 2022), 102197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102197
Landrigan, P. J., Stegeman, J. J., Fleming, L. E., Allemand, D., Anderson, D. M., Backer, L. C., … Rampal, P. (2020). Human health and ocean pollution. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 1–64. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831
Lasut, M. T., Jensen, K. R., Shivakoti, G. (2008). Analysis of constraints and potentials for wastewater management in the coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management, 88, 1141-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.011
Lestari, P., Trihadiningrum, Y. (2019). The impact of improper solid waste management to plastic pollution in Indonesian coast and marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, 110505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110505
Mosanya, M., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2023). New Ecological Paradigm and third culture kids: Multicultural identity configurations, global mindset and values as predictors of environmental worldviews. International Journal of Psychology, 58(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12887
Mouysset, L. (2023). On diversity of human-nature relationships in environmental sciences and its implications for the management of ecological crisis. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 45(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00575-6
Murtiono, H., Gunawan, I. G. N. A., Aguspriyanti, C. D., Putri, T. N., & Z, R. N. D. P. (2021). Analisis Sistem Sanitasi Dasar di Permukiman Pesisir Pulau Penyengat. Journal of Architectural Design and Development (JAD), (Vol 2 No 2 (2021): JAD), 187–194. Retrieved from https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/jad/article/view/6347/2113
Nurdin, I. N., Fajriah, Sari, S. F., Suwarjoyowirayatno, & Isamu, K. T. (2021). Coastal Area Management through the Eco blue Sea concept in the settlement of tribe Bajo, Torokeku Village. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 869(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012012
Obie, M., & Lahaji. (2020). Coastal and marine resource policies and the loss of ethnic identity of the Bajo tribe. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(3), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0050
Pathak, G., Nichter, M., Hardon, A., Moyer, E., Latkar, A., Simbaya, J., Pakasi, D., Taqueban, E., Love, J. (2023). Plastic pollution and the open burning of plastic wastes. Global Environmental Change, 80. 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102648
Rahim, M., Basri, A., & Fauzi, H. (2019). Identification of construction system and arrangement of bajo tribe settlement based on local wisdom and environmentally friendly. International Journal of GEOMATE, 17(64), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.21660/2019.64.ICEE4.
Rudiarto, I., Handayani, W., Setyono, J. S. (2018). A Regional Perspective on Urbanization and Climate-Related Disasters in the Northern Coastal Region of Central Java, Indonesia. Land, 7(34), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7010034
Reyna-Bensusan, N., Wilson, D. C., Davy, P. M., Fuller, G. W., Fowler, G. D., Smith, S. R. (2019). Experimental measurements of black carbon emission factors to estimate the global impact of uncontrolled burning of waste. Atmospheric Environment, 213. 629-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.047
Ryan, M. (2010). Cultural Studies: A Practical Introduction. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Siradjuddin, Z. (2023). Innovation on Mutual Cooperation Culture (Gotong Royong) Implementation for House Development. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(3), 172–191. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.11.3_172
Sulaiman, U., Wilkins, D. E., Rahmawati, R., Subair, S., Bakri, W., Suban, A., … Obie, M. (2023). Contribution of Local Wisdom of the Bajo Tribe to Preserve Indonesia’s Mangrove Forests. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(3), 264. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0076
Tanjung, R. H. R., Hamuna, B., & Alianto. (2019). Konsentrasi Surfaktan dan Minyak di Perairan Depapre, Kabupaten Jayapura, Provinsi Papua. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 8(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v8i1.22264
Wani, K. A., & Ariana, L. (2018). Impact of climate change on indigenous people and adaptive capacity of bajo tribe, Indonesia. Environmental Claims Journal, 30(4), 302–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2018.1504380
Yusrifa, F. (2023). Kajian Ketahanan Energi Wilayah Terhadap Relasi Sosial dan Budaya Pada Masyarakat dalam Menyikapi Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi Di Lahendong, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Thesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
2 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
3 Faculty of Philosophy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
fitriayusrifa@mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstract
The Bajo tribe, inhabiting the coastal area of Tilamuta in Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo, has established sea-based settlements over several decades. As a community famously referred to as the "people of the sea," the Bajo people maintain a close connection with the marine environment, relying heavily on marine resources for sustenance. Paradoxically, the management of household waste in the Bajo Boalemo settlement contradicts the purported harmonious relationship between the Bajo people and the marine ecosystem. This study aims to comprehensively investigate, identify, and analyze the human power influencing the household waste management system in the Bajo Tribe settlement in Boalemo, Gorontalo. Employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including in-depth interviews and literature reviews, the research delves into the present perceptions, behaviours, and attitudes of the Bajo people in Tilamuta regarding household waste management in their community. The findings reveal that a majority of Bajo residents in Tilamuta acknowledge the detrimental impact of solid inorganic waste on the marine environment, recognizing its adverse effects on the quality of life for marine biota. In contrast, they view solid organic waste, such as food scraps and losses, and liquid waste, like sewage, as environmentally friendly, leading to intentional disposal into the sea, which is, in fact, harmful to the environment. Despite awareness of the risks associated with solid inorganic waste, occasional disposal into the sea persists, underscoring a form of anthropocentrism where convenience often outweighs environmental considerations. Addressing this issue requires a pivotal role from the government, involving raising awareness, disseminating crucial information about waste and its environmental impacts, and providing suitable facilities for waste management in Tilamuta. This study underscores the necessity of proactive measures to align the Bajo people's practices with sustainable environmental stewardship.Keywords
Bajo tribe, household waste management system, anthropocentric study, BoalemoReferences
Andrews, E. A. (2020). Legal and Policy Challenges for Future Marsh Preservation in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Wetlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01389-z
Areia, N. P., Tavares, A. O., & Costa, P. J. M. (2023). Public perception and preferences for coastal risk management: Evidence from a convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Science of the Total Environment, 882(January), 163440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163440
Arisaputri, S. B. N., Budimawan, B., Selamat, M. B., Lampe, M., Naping, H., & Rukmana, D. (2020). Changes in Bajo community settlement patterns case study of Bone Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 564(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012071
Aviste, R. P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2023). Antecedents of environmental values and pro-environmental behaviour intentions: A self-determination theory approach. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 88(April), 102023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102023
Bonin-Font, F., Lalucat, J., Oliver-Codina, G., Massot-Campos, M., Font, E. G., Carrasco, P. L. N. (2018). Evaluating the impact of sewage discharges on the marine environment with a lightweight AUV. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 714-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.071
Chen, M., & Martens, P. (2023). Environmental Concern and Public Attitudes Toward Marine Life in Coastal China. Anthrozoos, 36(1), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2022.2101247
Dewailly, E., Pereg, D., Knap, A. Y., Rouja, P., Galvin, J., Owen, R. (2008). Exposure and effects of seafood borne contaminants in maritime populations. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York, NY.
Ghijselinck, D. (2023). Relational values of nature: Outgrowing anthropocentrism by enriching human-nature relationships? Journal for Nature Conservation, 73(March), 126386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126386
Fleming, L. E., Broad, K., Clement, A., Dewailly, E., Elmir, S., Knap, A., Pomponi, S. A., Smith, S., Gabriele, H. S., Walsh, P. (2006). Oceans and human health: Emerging public health risks in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 53, 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.012
Ho, M. T., Nguyen, T. H. T., Nguyen, M. H., La, V. P., & Vuong, Q. H. (2022). Good ethics cannot stop me from exploiting: The good and bad of anthropocentric attitudes in a game environment. Ambio, 51(11), 2294–2307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01742-y
Holeton, C., Chambers, P. A., Grace, L. (2011). Wastewater release and its impacts on Canadian waters. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68, 1836-1859. https://doi.org/10.1139/F2011-096
Kalpokiene, J., & Kalpokas, I. (2023). Creative encounters of a posthuman kind – anthropocentric law, artificial intelligence, and art. Technology in Society, 72(September 2022), 102197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102197
Landrigan, P. J., Stegeman, J. J., Fleming, L. E., Allemand, D., Anderson, D. M., Backer, L. C., … Rampal, P. (2020). Human health and ocean pollution. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 1–64. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831
Lasut, M. T., Jensen, K. R., Shivakoti, G. (2008). Analysis of constraints and potentials for wastewater management in the coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management, 88, 1141-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.011
Lestari, P., Trihadiningrum, Y. (2019). The impact of improper solid waste management to plastic pollution in Indonesian coast and marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, 110505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110505
Mosanya, M., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2023). New Ecological Paradigm and third culture kids: Multicultural identity configurations, global mindset and values as predictors of environmental worldviews. International Journal of Psychology, 58(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12887
Mouysset, L. (2023). On diversity of human-nature relationships in environmental sciences and its implications for the management of ecological crisis. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 45(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-023-00575-6
Murtiono, H., Gunawan, I. G. N. A., Aguspriyanti, C. D., Putri, T. N., & Z, R. N. D. P. (2021). Analisis Sistem Sanitasi Dasar di Permukiman Pesisir Pulau Penyengat. Journal of Architectural Design and Development (JAD), (Vol 2 No 2 (2021): JAD), 187–194. Retrieved from https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/jad/article/view/6347/2113
Nurdin, I. N., Fajriah, Sari, S. F., Suwarjoyowirayatno, & Isamu, K. T. (2021). Coastal Area Management through the Eco blue Sea concept in the settlement of tribe Bajo, Torokeku Village. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 869(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012012
Obie, M., & Lahaji. (2020). Coastal and marine resource policies and the loss of ethnic identity of the Bajo tribe. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 9(3), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0050
Pathak, G., Nichter, M., Hardon, A., Moyer, E., Latkar, A., Simbaya, J., Pakasi, D., Taqueban, E., Love, J. (2023). Plastic pollution and the open burning of plastic wastes. Global Environmental Change, 80. 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102648
Rahim, M., Basri, A., & Fauzi, H. (2019). Identification of construction system and arrangement of bajo tribe settlement based on local wisdom and environmentally friendly. International Journal of GEOMATE, 17(64), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.21660/2019.64.ICEE4.
Rudiarto, I., Handayani, W., Setyono, J. S. (2018). A Regional Perspective on Urbanization and Climate-Related Disasters in the Northern Coastal Region of Central Java, Indonesia. Land, 7(34), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7010034
Reyna-Bensusan, N., Wilson, D. C., Davy, P. M., Fuller, G. W., Fowler, G. D., Smith, S. R. (2019). Experimental measurements of black carbon emission factors to estimate the global impact of uncontrolled burning of waste. Atmospheric Environment, 213. 629-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.047
Ryan, M. (2010). Cultural Studies: A Practical Introduction. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Siradjuddin, Z. (2023). Innovation on Mutual Cooperation Culture (Gotong Royong) Implementation for House Development. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(3), 172–191. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.11.3_172
Sulaiman, U., Wilkins, D. E., Rahmawati, R., Subair, S., Bakri, W., Suban, A., … Obie, M. (2023). Contribution of Local Wisdom of the Bajo Tribe to Preserve Indonesia’s Mangrove Forests. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(3), 264. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0076
Tanjung, R. H. R., Hamuna, B., & Alianto. (2019). Konsentrasi Surfaktan dan Minyak di Perairan Depapre, Kabupaten Jayapura, Provinsi Papua. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 8(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v8i1.22264
Wani, K. A., & Ariana, L. (2018). Impact of climate change on indigenous people and adaptive capacity of bajo tribe, Indonesia. Environmental Claims Journal, 30(4), 302–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2018.1504380
Yusrifa, F. (2023). Kajian Ketahanan Energi Wilayah Terhadap Relasi Sosial dan Budaya Pada Masyarakat dalam Menyikapi Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi Di Lahendong, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Thesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
