John Locke's Ethics: Reflection of The Concept of Property Rights
Sugeng
1
, M.S. Rezky Sanaky
1
, Annisa Fitria
2
1
Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
2
Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
sugeng@dsn.ubharajaya.ac.id
Abstract
Happiness is the goal of mankind and an eternal philosophical discourse. The main values for achieving happiness have been explored since the era of logos replaced mythology, and become an important theme of philosophy because it is relevant to this day. Some of the philosophers have contributed to developing teachings about the main values in realizing happiness in people's lives. This article aims to explore the ethical thinking of John Locke, who is known as one of the founders of empiricism. Recognition of individual property that supports the human goal to live a happy life. This concept then becomes the basis for the development of a market economy and global capitalism, following the logic of capital accumulation that has no end, and blurs the rationality of the boundaries of individual rights and collective rights. The research method used is a literature study, by tracing the works of John Locke in the field of ethics, especially on human rights and property rights. The works on John Locke's thoughts are also a source of this research. From the results of the study, it can be shown that not all of John Locke's thoughts on ethics are relevant to Indonesian conditions. As a philosophical discussion, John Locke's ethics can enrich concepts and theories about citizens' property rights that need to be protected by the state, but as a policy it needs modifications that are by the main values according to the needs of society.
Keywords
Ethics, Eudaimonia, John Locke
References
Aristotle (1999). Nicomachean
Ethics, W.D. Ross (Trans.). Kitchener: Batoche Books.
Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean
Ethics, T. Irwin (Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
Badrulzaman. M. D. (1983), Mencari
Sistem Hukum Benda. Bandung: BPHN-Alumni.
Budiman, F. B. (2019). Pemikiran Modern dari
Machiavelli Sampai Nietzsche. Jakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Downs, J. (2012). A brief history of ethics. Ethics
in forensic science, 1-26.
Drahos, P. (1996). A
Philosophy of Intellectual Property. Adershot: Dartmouth.
Druart, T. A. (1993). Al-Kindi's
Ethics. The Review of Metaphysics, 47(2), 329-357.
Dua, M. (2008). Filsafat Ekonomi:
Upaya Mencari Kesejahteraan Bersama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Kant, I. (1952). Critique
of Pure Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Levinas, E. (1979). Totality
and Infinity, A. Lingis (Trans.), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Locke, J. (2012). The
Project Gutenberg E-Book of Second Treatise of Government.
MacIntyre, A. (1996). A Short History of Ethics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Mackenzie, M. M. (1985). Platos’s Moral Theory, Journal
of Medical Ethics, 11.
Nietzsche, F. (2007). On
The Genealogy of Morality. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Panova, O. B. (2015). Spirit
and language in Hegel's philosophy of absolute spirit. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 200, 502-508.
Raptis, B. K. (2018). On the
Possibility of Marxist Ethics. Beytulhikme An International Journal of
Philosophy, 8(1), 131-155.
Reshotko, N. (2012). Socratic Eudaimonism and Natural
Value. Journal of Ancient Philosophy, 6(1), 1-25.
Russell, B. (2016). Sejarah
filsafat Barat: Kaitannya dengan Kondisi Sosio Politik Zaman Kuno Hingga
Sekarang. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Snyder, D. (1986). Locke on Natural Law
and Property Rights. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16 (4), 723-750. doi:10.1080/00455091.1986.10717145.
Sosfwan, S. S. M. (1981). Hukum
Perdata: Hukum Benda. Yogyakarta.
Suseno, F. M. (2000). 12
Tokoh Etika Abad 20. Kanisius: Yogyakarta.
Tjahjadi, S. P. L. (2004). Petualangan Intelektual:
Konfrontasi dengan Para Filsuf dari Zaman Yunani Hingga Zaman Modern.
Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Wijaya, D. N. (2016). Kontrak
Sosial Menurut Thomas Hobbes dan John Locke. Jurnal Sosiologi
Pendidikan Humanis, 1(2), 183-193.
2 Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
sugeng@dsn.ubharajaya.ac.id
Abstract
Happiness is the goal of mankind and an eternal philosophical discourse. The main values for achieving happiness have been explored since the era of logos replaced mythology, and become an important theme of philosophy because it is relevant to this day. Some of the philosophers have contributed to developing teachings about the main values in realizing happiness in people's lives. This article aims to explore the ethical thinking of John Locke, who is known as one of the founders of empiricism. Recognition of individual property that supports the human goal to live a happy life. This concept then becomes the basis for the development of a market economy and global capitalism, following the logic of capital accumulation that has no end, and blurs the rationality of the boundaries of individual rights and collective rights. The research method used is a literature study, by tracing the works of John Locke in the field of ethics, especially on human rights and property rights. The works on John Locke's thoughts are also a source of this research. From the results of the study, it can be shown that not all of John Locke's thoughts on ethics are relevant to Indonesian conditions. As a philosophical discussion, John Locke's ethics can enrich concepts and theories about citizens' property rights that need to be protected by the state, but as a policy it needs modifications that are by the main values according to the needs of society.Keywords
Ethics, Eudaimonia, John LockeReferences
Aristotle (1999). Nicomachean
Ethics, W.D. Ross (Trans.). Kitchener: Batoche Books.
Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean
Ethics, T. Irwin (Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
Badrulzaman. M. D. (1983), Mencari
Sistem Hukum Benda. Bandung: BPHN-Alumni.
Budiman, F. B. (2019). Pemikiran Modern dari
Machiavelli Sampai Nietzsche. Jakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Downs, J. (2012). A brief history of ethics. Ethics
in forensic science, 1-26.
Drahos, P. (1996). A
Philosophy of Intellectual Property. Adershot: Dartmouth.
Druart, T. A. (1993). Al-Kindi's
Ethics. The Review of Metaphysics, 47(2), 329-357.
Dua, M. (2008). Filsafat Ekonomi:
Upaya Mencari Kesejahteraan Bersama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Kant, I. (1952). Critique
of Pure Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Levinas, E. (1979). Totality
and Infinity, A. Lingis (Trans.), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Locke, J. (2012). The
Project Gutenberg E-Book of Second Treatise of Government.
MacIntyre, A. (1996). A Short History of Ethics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Mackenzie, M. M. (1985). Platos’s Moral Theory, Journal
of Medical Ethics, 11.
Nietzsche, F. (2007). On
The Genealogy of Morality. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Panova, O. B. (2015). Spirit
and language in Hegel's philosophy of absolute spirit. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 200, 502-508.
Raptis, B. K. (2018). On the
Possibility of Marxist Ethics. Beytulhikme An International Journal of
Philosophy, 8(1), 131-155.
Reshotko, N. (2012). Socratic Eudaimonism and Natural
Value. Journal of Ancient Philosophy, 6(1), 1-25.
Russell, B. (2016). Sejarah
filsafat Barat: Kaitannya dengan Kondisi Sosio Politik Zaman Kuno Hingga
Sekarang. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Snyder, D. (1986). Locke on Natural Law
and Property Rights. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16 (4), 723-750. doi:10.1080/00455091.1986.10717145.
Sosfwan, S. S. M. (1981). Hukum
Perdata: Hukum Benda. Yogyakarta.
Suseno, F. M. (2000). 12
Tokoh Etika Abad 20. Kanisius: Yogyakarta.
Tjahjadi, S. P. L. (2004). Petualangan Intelektual:
Konfrontasi dengan Para Filsuf dari Zaman Yunani Hingga Zaman Modern.
Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Wijaya, D. N. (2016). Kontrak
Sosial Menurut Thomas Hobbes dan John Locke. Jurnal Sosiologi
Pendidikan Humanis, 1(2), 183-193.
