Baliseering as Reductionism Project: Vandana Shiva’s Ecofeminist Approach
Leonardus Aditya Krisnadi
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
leonardusbonavent@gmail.com
Abstract
Bali is one
of the cultural tourism destinations in Indonesia. As a well-known tourism
destination, tourism industry in Bali has generated huge economic benefits for
the Balinese people. The development of Bali tourism industry is started in the
Dutch East Indies era. The colonial government attempted to prevent another
bloody war with Bali’s local kingdoms to preserve the law and order in Dutch
East Indies. To improve their relations with Bali’s local kingdom, the colonial
government introduced the Baliseering policy as a pro-local culture policy to
preserve Balinese culture from a foreign culture. However, the colonial government used Baliseering
to isolate Bali from Indonesian nationalism movement in Java. Another agenda
behind Baliseering policy is to develop Bali as a new tourism destination in
Dutch East Indies. To encourage the development of Bali's tourism industry, Bali is promoted as a culturally
rich island with bare-chested women, these promotions created the idea of a
hidden paradise. This study aims to explain Baliseering as a reductionism
project from Vandana Shiva’s ecofeminism approach. Baliseering has exploited
Balinese culture and environment and destroyed the ideal relations between
Balinese people. With Vandana Shiva’s ecofeminism approach, Baliseering is seen
as another patriarchal-capitalist reductionism project. Reductionism in Baliseering policy foundations
perpetuates epistemic injustice in Bali. This study is philosophical research
on actual problems with a descriptive approach. This research uses the
philosophical hermeneutic method with methodological elements consisting of
description, historical continuity, and critical reflection.
Keywords
Baliseering, feminist epistemology, reductionism, ecofeminism, Vandana Shiva
References
Abdoellah, O., & Mulyanto, D. (2019). Isu-Isu
Pembangunan: Pengantar Teoritis. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Bakker, A., & Zubair, A. C. (1994). Metodologi
Penelitian Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Garrity-Bond, C. (2018). Ecofeminist Epistemology in
Vandana Shiva's The Feminine Principle of Prakriti and Ivone Gebara's
Trinitarian Cosmology. Feminist Theology, 185-194.
Juliantara, I. (2021). Menanam Angin Menuai Badai: Baliseering
dan Potret Ambivalensi Wajah Politik Kolonial Belanda Abad XX. Jurnal Widya
Citra, 15-19.
Kamajaya, G., & Nugroho, W. B. (2020). Sosiologi
Masyarakat Bali: Bali Dulu dan Sekarang. MASA: Journal of History,
42-55.
Ningtyas, E. (2018). Mepeed dan Wacana Ajeg Bali:
Sukawati Pasca Bom Bali 2002. Lembaran Sejarah, 119-135.
Noorwatha, I. D. (2020). Dari Pluralitas ke
Singularitas: Historiografi Perkembangan Interior Arsitektur Bali dari Era Kuno
sampai Awal Abad ke-20. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Desain dan Arsitektur,
(pp. 484-491).
Noorwatha, I. D. (2022). Estetika Baliseering:
Diskursus Estetika Arsitektur Bali Pasca 'Gejor' Tahun 1917. In Dasa Citta
Desain (pp. 73-93).
Pageh, I. (2017). Genealogi Balinisasi Zaman Kolonial
Belanda: Analisis Kritis Bali sebagai Museum Hidup. Seminar Nasional Riset
Inovatif 2017. 896-902.
Pageh, I., Arta, K. S., & Pardi, I. (2021).
Transformation of baliseering into ajeg bali: Comodification of bali in exotic
tourism industry. 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences and
Education. Singaraja: EAI.
Pageh, I., Kumbara, A. N., Wirawan, A. B., &
Sukardja, P. (2015). Baliseering Genealogy: Deconstructing The Dutch Colonial
Education in North Bali and Its Implication in Globalization Era. E-Journal
of Cultural Studies, 109-114.
Peters, J. H., & Wardana, W. (2013). Tri Hita
Karana. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Picard, M. (2006). Bali: Pariwisata Budaya dan
Budaya Pariwisata. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Picard, M. (2020). Kebalian: Konstruksi Dialogis
Identitas Bali. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Robinson, G. (2006). Sisi Gelap Pulau Dewata:
Sejarah Kekerasan Politik. Yogyakarta: LKiS Yogyakarta.
Santosa, H. (2019). Kajian Historis Seni Pertunjukan
Bali dan Peluangnya Dalam Memasuki Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Seminar
Nasional Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, (pp. 76-83).
Sendra, I. (2016). Paradigma Kepariwisataan Bali Tahun
1930-an: Studi Genealogi Kepariwisataan Budaya. Jurnal Kajian Bali,
97-124.
Shiva, V. (1997). Bebas dari Pembangunan:
Perempuan, Ekologi dan Perjuangan Hidup di India. Jakarta: Buku Obor.
Shiva, V., & Mies, M. (2005). Ecofeminism.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit IRE Press.
Sunjayadi, A. (2019). Pariwisata di Hindia Belanda
(1891-1942). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Swer, G. M. (2020). Nature, Gender and Technology: The
Ontological Foundations of Shiva's Ecofeminist Philosophy. Comparative and
Continental Philosophy, 118-131.
Vickers, A. (2012). Bali: A Paradise Created.
Singapore: Tuttle Publishing.
Winyana, I. N. (2015). Seni Tradisi Joged Bumbung
diantara Tontonan Estetik dan Etik. Vidya Samhita, 2(1), 64-75.
leonardusbonavent@gmail.com
Abstract
Bali is one
of the cultural tourism destinations in Indonesia. As a well-known tourism
destination, tourism industry in Bali has generated huge economic benefits for
the Balinese people. The development of Bali tourism industry is started in the
Dutch East Indies era. The colonial government attempted to prevent another
bloody war with Bali’s local kingdoms to preserve the law and order in Dutch
East Indies. To improve their relations with Bali’s local kingdom, the colonial
government introduced the Baliseering policy as a pro-local culture policy to
preserve Balinese culture from a foreign culture. However, the colonial government used Baliseering
to isolate Bali from Indonesian nationalism movement in Java. Another agenda
behind Baliseering policy is to develop Bali as a new tourism destination in
Dutch East Indies. To encourage the development of Bali's tourism industry, Bali is promoted as a culturally
rich island with bare-chested women, these promotions created the idea of a
hidden paradise. This study aims to explain Baliseering as a reductionism
project from Vandana Shiva’s ecofeminism approach. Baliseering has exploited
Balinese culture and environment and destroyed the ideal relations between
Balinese people. With Vandana Shiva’s ecofeminism approach, Baliseering is seen
as another patriarchal-capitalist reductionism project. Reductionism in Baliseering policy foundations
perpetuates epistemic injustice in Bali. This study is philosophical research
on actual problems with a descriptive approach. This research uses the
philosophical hermeneutic method with methodological elements consisting of
description, historical continuity, and critical reflection.
Keywords
Baliseering, feminist epistemology, reductionism, ecofeminism, Vandana ShivaReferences
Abdoellah, O., & Mulyanto, D. (2019). Isu-Isu
Pembangunan: Pengantar Teoritis. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Bakker, A., & Zubair, A. C. (1994). Metodologi
Penelitian Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Garrity-Bond, C. (2018). Ecofeminist Epistemology in
Vandana Shiva's The Feminine Principle of Prakriti and Ivone Gebara's
Trinitarian Cosmology. Feminist Theology, 185-194.
Juliantara, I. (2021). Menanam Angin Menuai Badai: Baliseering
dan Potret Ambivalensi Wajah Politik Kolonial Belanda Abad XX. Jurnal Widya
Citra, 15-19.
Kamajaya, G., & Nugroho, W. B. (2020). Sosiologi
Masyarakat Bali: Bali Dulu dan Sekarang. MASA: Journal of History,
42-55.
Ningtyas, E. (2018). Mepeed dan Wacana Ajeg Bali:
Sukawati Pasca Bom Bali 2002. Lembaran Sejarah, 119-135.
Noorwatha, I. D. (2020). Dari Pluralitas ke
Singularitas: Historiografi Perkembangan Interior Arsitektur Bali dari Era Kuno
sampai Awal Abad ke-20. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Desain dan Arsitektur,
(pp. 484-491).
Noorwatha, I. D. (2022). Estetika Baliseering:
Diskursus Estetika Arsitektur Bali Pasca 'Gejor' Tahun 1917. In Dasa Citta
Desain (pp. 73-93).
Pageh, I. (2017). Genealogi Balinisasi Zaman Kolonial
Belanda: Analisis Kritis Bali sebagai Museum Hidup. Seminar Nasional Riset
Inovatif 2017. 896-902.
Pageh, I., Arta, K. S., & Pardi, I. (2021).
Transformation of baliseering into ajeg bali: Comodification of bali in exotic
tourism industry. 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences and
Education. Singaraja: EAI.
Pageh, I., Kumbara, A. N., Wirawan, A. B., &
Sukardja, P. (2015). Baliseering Genealogy: Deconstructing The Dutch Colonial
Education in North Bali and Its Implication in Globalization Era. E-Journal
of Cultural Studies, 109-114.
Peters, J. H., & Wardana, W. (2013). Tri Hita
Karana. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Picard, M. (2006). Bali: Pariwisata Budaya dan
Budaya Pariwisata. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Picard, M. (2020). Kebalian: Konstruksi Dialogis
Identitas Bali. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Robinson, G. (2006). Sisi Gelap Pulau Dewata:
Sejarah Kekerasan Politik. Yogyakarta: LKiS Yogyakarta.
Santosa, H. (2019). Kajian Historis Seni Pertunjukan
Bali dan Peluangnya Dalam Memasuki Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Seminar
Nasional Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, (pp. 76-83).
Sendra, I. (2016). Paradigma Kepariwisataan Bali Tahun
1930-an: Studi Genealogi Kepariwisataan Budaya. Jurnal Kajian Bali,
97-124.
Shiva, V. (1997). Bebas dari Pembangunan:
Perempuan, Ekologi dan Perjuangan Hidup di India. Jakarta: Buku Obor.
Shiva, V., & Mies, M. (2005). Ecofeminism.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit IRE Press.
Sunjayadi, A. (2019). Pariwisata di Hindia Belanda
(1891-1942). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Swer, G. M. (2020). Nature, Gender and Technology: The
Ontological Foundations of Shiva's Ecofeminist Philosophy. Comparative and
Continental Philosophy, 118-131.
Vickers, A. (2012). Bali: A Paradise Created.
Singapore: Tuttle Publishing.
Winyana, I. N. (2015). Seni Tradisi Joged Bumbung
diantara Tontonan Estetik dan Etik. Vidya Samhita, 2(1), 64-75.
