Against the Anthropocene: Pathways through the More-than-human Realms and Ontological Anthropology in Indonesia
Gilang Mahadika
, Setiadi
Department of Anthropology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
gilang.maha@gmail.com
Abstract
We are now living in the epoch of Anthropocene—the epoch
wherein human and nonhuman beings have become increasingly involved. The
Anthropocene was also a mark to determine human existence begin to overwhelm
biological and geological forms and displace the Holocene era. Indonesia is the one in many countries
facing ecological crisis. The widespread of global monocultures such as
sugarcane, cacao, oil palm and tea plantations are examples of providing an
intolerance of diversity, meaning that only putting human desires above
all of nonhuman species. The era also shows the struggles for social
justice towards nonhuman beings. Hence, this paper expects to discuss
conceptual and pragmatical levels of the Anthropocene in the more-than-humans’ anthropological
studies. Meanwhile, anthropology and any sub-disciplines take “ontological
turn” into account. Talking ontological anthropology is also a way of
rethinking and requestioning the division and dichotomy between nature and
culture, technology and society, human, and nonhuman beings, and so on. So, our
research question is how “ontological turn” contributes to making social
justice towards multispecies and geological life. Justice has been a great deal to preserve only humans based on
Eurocentric perception and thought. By giving social justice to more-than-human
realms is also resolving both “epistemologies of ignorance” and indigenous-led
decolonization. Alternatively, ontological anthropology provides the ability to
give a “voice” to more-than-human beings in order to have equal footing as
humans. Therefore, against the Anthropocene means collapsing ‘the divide’
between culture and nature, human and non-human, and so on. Besides, the turn
to anthropology of ontology also means demanding collaborations and balance
between humans and nonhuman beings in the Anthropocene. The introductory
anthropology of ontology could potentially open pathways of future
possibilities for methodological and theoretical standpoints towards
more-than-human realms in Indonesia.
Keywords
Anthropocene, ontology, ontological anthropology, more-than-human realms, social justice
References
Atmaja, O. (2021). Upacara Yadnya Kasada di Kawah Gunung Bromo.
Suara.Com. https://www.suara.com/foto/2021/06/27/052000/upacara-yadnya-kasada-di-kawah-gunung-bromo.
Baskin, J. (2015). Paradigm dressed as epoch: The ideology of the
anthropocene. Environmental Values, 24(1), 9–29.
https://doi.org/10.3197/096327115X14183182353746
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in
Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. Jason Aronson Inc.
Benson, M. H. (2019). New Materialism: An Ontology for the Anthropocene. Natural
Resources Journal, 59(2), 251–280.
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol59/iss2/18
Besky, S. (2017). Monoculture. Theorizing the Contemporary,
Fieldsights. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/monoculture
Besky, S. (2019). Exhaustion and Endurance in Sick Landscapes: Cheap Tea
and the Work of Monoculture in the Dooars, India. In How Natures Works:
Rethinking Labor on Troubled Planet. University of Mexico Press.
Büscher, B. (2021). The nonhuman turn: Critical reflections on alienation,
entanglement and nature under capitalism. Dialogues in Human Geography,
1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438206211026200
Calarco, M. (2008). Zoographies: The Question of the Animal from
Heidegger to Derrida. Columbia University Press.
Catton, William R. & Dunlap, R. R. (1978). Environmental Sociology: A
New Paradigm. The American Sociologist, 13, 41–49.
Chagani, F. (2016). Can the Postcolonial Animal Speak? Society &
Animals, 24, 619–637. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-1234142
Chao, S. (2022). In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings
in West Papua. Duke University Press.
Crutzen, P. & E. F. S. (2000). The “Anthropocene.” Global Change
Newsletter, 41, 17–18.
http://www.igbp.net/download/18.316f18321323470177580001401/1376383088452/NL41.pdf
de Castro, E. V. (1998). Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism.
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4(3),
469–488.
Descola, P. (1996). The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in Amazon
Jungle. New Press.
Descola, P. (2013a). Beyond Nature and Culture. The University of
Chicago Press.
Descola, P. (2013b). The Ecology of Others. Prickly Paradigm Press.
Di Paola, M. (2017). Ethics and politics of the built environment :
gardens of the anthropocene. Springer.
Engelland, C. (2015). Heidegger and the Human Difference. Journal of
American Philosophical Association, 175–195.
https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.25
Gates, M. F. (2021). Adi Utarini. Time Magazine.
https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095805/adi-utarini/
Haraway, D. (2015). Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene,
Chthulucene: Making Kin. Environmental Humanities, 6, 159–165.
Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the
Chthulucene. Duke University Press.
Harman, G. (2009). Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics.
re.press.
Harris, Oliver J. T. & Robb, J. (2012). Multiple Ontologies and the
Problem of the Body in History. American Anthropologist, 114(4),
668–679.
Hefner, R. W. (1985). Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam.
Princeton University Press
Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit.
State University of New York Press.
Herlina, N. (2020). Mosquito Commander (Komandan Nyamuk). Kabar
Dikti. http://dikti.go.id/kabar-dikti/kabar/mosquito-commander/
Hetherington, K. (2020). The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in
the Age of Monocrops. Duke University Press.
Hogue, A. (2016). Heidegger, Martin. Geneology.
https://criticalposthumanism.net/heidegger-martin/#_edn2
Jeyaprakash, A & Hoy, M. A. (2000). Long PCR im-proves Wolbachia DNA
amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% off six-three arthropod species. Insect
Molecular Biology, 9, 393–405.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00203.x
John, C. (2011). Conatus and Perfection in Spinoza. Midwest Studies in
Philosophy, 35, 69–92.
Jones, D. L. & Rowe, E. C. (2017). Land Reclamation and Remediation,
Principles and Practice. Encyclopeadia of Applied Plant Sciences (Second
Edition), 3, 304–310.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00014-9
Kadir, H. A. (2017). Komparasi Munculnya Liberalisme Ekonomi di Indonesia
dan Burma. Lembaran Sejarah, 13(2), 163–185.
Kirksey, Eben & Chao, S. (2022). Introduction: Who Benefits from
Multispecies Justice? In E. Chao, Sophie, Bolender, Karin & Kirksey (Ed.), The
Promise of Multispecies Justice (pp. 1–21). Duke University Press.
Kirksey, S. Eben & Helmreich, S. (2010). The Emergence of Multispecies
Ethnography. Cultural Anthropology, 25(4), 545–576.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x
Kohn, E. (2015). Anthropology of Ontologies. Annual Review of
Anthropology, 44(1), 311–327.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014127
Koistinen, O. (1995). The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza. Cambridge
University Press.
Kojola, Erik & Pellow, D. N. (2020). New directions in environmental
justice studies: examining the state and violence. Environmental Politics,
1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1836898
Latour, B. (1988). The Pasteurization of France. Harvard University
Press.
Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. Harvard University
Press.
Latour, B. (2013). An Inquiry into Modes of Existence: Anthropology of
the Moderns. Harvard University Press.
Li, Tania Murray & Semedi, P. (2021). Plantation Life: Corporate
Occupation in Indonesia’s Oil Palm Zone. Duke University Press.
McEwan, C. (2022). Decolonizing the Anthropocene. In D. Chandler, David,
Müller, Franziska & Rothe (Ed.), International Relations in the
Anthropocene: New Agendas, New Agencies, and New Approaches. Palgrave
Macmillan.
Mikhail, A. (2016). Enlightenment Anthropocene. Eighteenth-Century
Studies, 49(2), 211–231.
Mills, C. W. (2007). White Ignorance. In N. Sullivan, S. & Tuana
(Ed.), Race and epistemologies of ignorance (pp. 13–38). State
University of New York Press.
Mintz, S. W. (1985). Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern
History. Penguin Books.
Mol, A. (2002). The Body Multiple: ontology in medical practice.
Duke University Press.
Norris, F. (2009). The Octopus: A Story of California. Cosimo, Inc.
Paxson, H. (2008). Post-Pasteurian Cultures: The Microbiopolitics of
Raw-Milk Cheese in the United States. Cultural Anthropology, 23(1),
15–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2008.00002.x
Pellow, D. N. (2016). Toward Critical Environmental Justice Studies: Black
Lives Matter as an Environmental Justice Challenge. Du Bois Review, 13(2),
221–236. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X1600014X
Povinelli, E. A. (2002). The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous of
Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism. Duke University
Press.
Povinelli, E. A. (2015). The rhetorics of recognition in geontopower. Philosophy
and Rhetoric, 48(4), 428–442.
https://doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.48.4.0428
Povinelli, E. A. (2016). Geontologies: A Requiem to Late Liberalism.
Duke University Press.
Povinelli, E. A. (2017). Geontologies: The Concept and Its Territories. E-Flux,
April 2017, 11.
https://www.e-flux.com/journal/81/123372/geontologies-the-concept-and-its-territories/
Roane, E. D. (2011). The Reemergence of Spinoza’s Conatus in the Political
Sphere. Southwest Philosophical Studies, 33.
Sarukkai, S. (1997). the “Other” in Anthropology and Philosophy. Economic
and Political Weekly, 32(24), 1406–1409.
Shiva, V. (1993). Monocultures of the Mind--Understanding the Threats to
Biological and Cultural Diversity. Indian Journal of Public Administration,
39(3), 237–248. https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/0019556119930304
Shiva, V. (2014). Monocultures of the Mind. In V. Shiva (Ed.), The
Vandana Shiva Reader. University Press of Kentucky.
Sprenger, Guido & Großmann, K. (2018). Plural Ecologies in Southeast
Asia. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 33(2),
ix–xxii.
Strathern, M. (2014). Cutting the Network. In H. L. & T. S. Moore (Ed.),
Anthropology in Theory: Issues in Epistemology. Wiley-Blackwell.
Sutiono, A. (2014). The roles and significance of wong pinter, the
Javanese shaman (Issue April). The University of Leeds.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia of Britannica. (2020). Geologic Time.
https://www.britannica.com/science/geologic-time
Utarini, A., Indriani, C., Ahmad, R. A., Tantowijoyo, W., Arguni, E.,
Ansari, M. R., Supriyati, E., Wardana, D. S., Meitika, Y., Ernesia, I.,
Nurhayati, I., Prabowo, E., Andari, B., Green, B. R., Hodgson, L., Cutcher, Z.,
Rancès, E., Ryan, P. A., O’Neill, S. L., … Simmons, C. P. (2021). Efficacy of
Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control of Dengue. New
England Journal of Medicine, 384(23), 2177–2186.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2030243
Wardana, A. (2022). A quest for agency in the Anthropocene: Law and
environmental movements in Southeast Asia. Review of European, Comparative
& International Environmental Law, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12467
Winter, C. J. (2022). Introduction: What’s the value of multispecies
justice? Environmental Politics, 31(2), 251–257.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2039001
Wolf, E. R. (2010). Europe and the People Without History.
University of California Press.
Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Summerhayes, C. P., Wolfe, A. P.,
Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Crutzen, P., Ellis, E., Fairchild, I. J.,
Gałuszka, A., Haff, P., Hajdas, I., Head, M. J., Ivar do Sul, J. A., Jeandel,
C., Leinfelder, R., McNeill, J. R., Neal, C., Odada, E., … Williams, M. (2017).
The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of evidence and interim
recommendations. Anthropocene, 19, 55–60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001
Zhang, X. (2010). On the Influence of Naturalism on American Literature. English
Language Teaching, 3(2), 195–198.
gilang.maha@gmail.com
Abstract
We are now living in the epoch of Anthropocene—the epoch
wherein human and nonhuman beings have become increasingly involved. The
Anthropocene was also a mark to determine human existence begin to overwhelm
biological and geological forms and displace the Holocene era. Indonesia is the one in many countries
facing ecological crisis. The widespread of global monocultures such as
sugarcane, cacao, oil palm and tea plantations are examples of providing an
intolerance of diversity, meaning that only putting human desires above
all of nonhuman species. The era also shows the struggles for social
justice towards nonhuman beings. Hence, this paper expects to discuss
conceptual and pragmatical levels of the Anthropocene in the more-than-humans’ anthropological
studies. Meanwhile, anthropology and any sub-disciplines take “ontological
turn” into account. Talking ontological anthropology is also a way of
rethinking and requestioning the division and dichotomy between nature and
culture, technology and society, human, and nonhuman beings, and so on. So, our
research question is how “ontological turn” contributes to making social
justice towards multispecies and geological life. Justice has been a great deal to preserve only humans based on
Eurocentric perception and thought. By giving social justice to more-than-human
realms is also resolving both “epistemologies of ignorance” and indigenous-led
decolonization. Alternatively, ontological anthropology provides the ability to
give a “voice” to more-than-human beings in order to have equal footing as
humans. Therefore, against the Anthropocene means collapsing ‘the divide’
between culture and nature, human and non-human, and so on. Besides, the turn
to anthropology of ontology also means demanding collaborations and balance
between humans and nonhuman beings in the Anthropocene. The introductory
anthropology of ontology could potentially open pathways of future
possibilities for methodological and theoretical standpoints towards
more-than-human realms in Indonesia.
Keywords
Anthropocene, ontology, ontological anthropology, more-than-human realms, social justiceReferences
Atmaja, O. (2021). Upacara Yadnya Kasada di Kawah Gunung Bromo.
Suara.Com. https://www.suara.com/foto/2021/06/27/052000/upacara-yadnya-kasada-di-kawah-gunung-bromo.
Baskin, J. (2015). Paradigm dressed as epoch: The ideology of the
anthropocene. Environmental Values, 24(1), 9–29.
https://doi.org/10.3197/096327115X14183182353746
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in
Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. Jason Aronson Inc.
Benson, M. H. (2019). New Materialism: An Ontology for the Anthropocene. Natural
Resources Journal, 59(2), 251–280.
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol59/iss2/18
Besky, S. (2017). Monoculture. Theorizing the Contemporary,
Fieldsights. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/monoculture
Besky, S. (2019). Exhaustion and Endurance in Sick Landscapes: Cheap Tea
and the Work of Monoculture in the Dooars, India. In How Natures Works:
Rethinking Labor on Troubled Planet. University of Mexico Press.
Büscher, B. (2021). The nonhuman turn: Critical reflections on alienation,
entanglement and nature under capitalism. Dialogues in Human Geography,
1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438206211026200
Calarco, M. (2008). Zoographies: The Question of the Animal from
Heidegger to Derrida. Columbia University Press.
Catton, William R. & Dunlap, R. R. (1978). Environmental Sociology: A
New Paradigm. The American Sociologist, 13, 41–49.
Chagani, F. (2016). Can the Postcolonial Animal Speak? Society &
Animals, 24, 619–637. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-1234142
Chao, S. (2022). In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings
in West Papua. Duke University Press.
Crutzen, P. & E. F. S. (2000). The “Anthropocene.” Global Change
Newsletter, 41, 17–18.
http://www.igbp.net/download/18.316f18321323470177580001401/1376383088452/NL41.pdf
de Castro, E. V. (1998). Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism.
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4(3),
469–488.
Descola, P. (1996). The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in Amazon
Jungle. New Press.
Descola, P. (2013a). Beyond Nature and Culture. The University of
Chicago Press.
Descola, P. (2013b). The Ecology of Others. Prickly Paradigm Press.
Di Paola, M. (2017). Ethics and politics of the built environment :
gardens of the anthropocene. Springer.
Engelland, C. (2015). Heidegger and the Human Difference. Journal of
American Philosophical Association, 175–195.
https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.25
Gates, M. F. (2021). Adi Utarini. Time Magazine.
https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095805/adi-utarini/
Haraway, D. (2015). Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene,
Chthulucene: Making Kin. Environmental Humanities, 6, 159–165.
Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the
Chthulucene. Duke University Press.
Harman, G. (2009). Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics.
re.press.
Harris, Oliver J. T. & Robb, J. (2012). Multiple Ontologies and the
Problem of the Body in History. American Anthropologist, 114(4),
668–679.
Hefner, R. W. (1985). Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam.
Princeton University Press
Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit.
State University of New York Press.
Herlina, N. (2020). Mosquito Commander (Komandan Nyamuk). Kabar
Dikti. http://dikti.go.id/kabar-dikti/kabar/mosquito-commander/
Hetherington, K. (2020). The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in
the Age of Monocrops. Duke University Press.
Hogue, A. (2016). Heidegger, Martin. Geneology.
https://criticalposthumanism.net/heidegger-martin/#_edn2
Jeyaprakash, A & Hoy, M. A. (2000). Long PCR im-proves Wolbachia DNA
amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% off six-three arthropod species. Insect
Molecular Biology, 9, 393–405.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00203.x
John, C. (2011). Conatus and Perfection in Spinoza. Midwest Studies in
Philosophy, 35, 69–92.
Jones, D. L. & Rowe, E. C. (2017). Land Reclamation and Remediation,
Principles and Practice. Encyclopeadia of Applied Plant Sciences (Second
Edition), 3, 304–310.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00014-9
Kadir, H. A. (2017). Komparasi Munculnya Liberalisme Ekonomi di Indonesia
dan Burma. Lembaran Sejarah, 13(2), 163–185.
Kirksey, Eben & Chao, S. (2022). Introduction: Who Benefits from
Multispecies Justice? In E. Chao, Sophie, Bolender, Karin & Kirksey (Ed.), The
Promise of Multispecies Justice (pp. 1–21). Duke University Press.
Kirksey, S. Eben & Helmreich, S. (2010). The Emergence of Multispecies
Ethnography. Cultural Anthropology, 25(4), 545–576.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x
Kohn, E. (2015). Anthropology of Ontologies. Annual Review of
Anthropology, 44(1), 311–327.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014127
Koistinen, O. (1995). The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza. Cambridge
University Press.
Kojola, Erik & Pellow, D. N. (2020). New directions in environmental
justice studies: examining the state and violence. Environmental Politics,
1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1836898
Latour, B. (1988). The Pasteurization of France. Harvard University
Press.
Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. Harvard University
Press.
Latour, B. (2013). An Inquiry into Modes of Existence: Anthropology of
the Moderns. Harvard University Press.
Li, Tania Murray & Semedi, P. (2021). Plantation Life: Corporate
Occupation in Indonesia’s Oil Palm Zone. Duke University Press.
McEwan, C. (2022). Decolonizing the Anthropocene. In D. Chandler, David,
Müller, Franziska & Rothe (Ed.), International Relations in the
Anthropocene: New Agendas, New Agencies, and New Approaches. Palgrave
Macmillan.
Mikhail, A. (2016). Enlightenment Anthropocene. Eighteenth-Century
Studies, 49(2), 211–231.
Mills, C. W. (2007). White Ignorance. In N. Sullivan, S. & Tuana
(Ed.), Race and epistemologies of ignorance (pp. 13–38). State
University of New York Press.
Mintz, S. W. (1985). Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern
History. Penguin Books.
Mol, A. (2002). The Body Multiple: ontology in medical practice.
Duke University Press.
Norris, F. (2009). The Octopus: A Story of California. Cosimo, Inc.
Paxson, H. (2008). Post-Pasteurian Cultures: The Microbiopolitics of
Raw-Milk Cheese in the United States. Cultural Anthropology, 23(1),
15–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2008.00002.x
Pellow, D. N. (2016). Toward Critical Environmental Justice Studies: Black
Lives Matter as an Environmental Justice Challenge. Du Bois Review, 13(2),
221–236. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X1600014X
Povinelli, E. A. (2002). The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous of
Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism. Duke University
Press.
Povinelli, E. A. (2015). The rhetorics of recognition in geontopower. Philosophy
and Rhetoric, 48(4), 428–442.
https://doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.48.4.0428
Povinelli, E. A. (2016). Geontologies: A Requiem to Late Liberalism.
Duke University Press.
Povinelli, E. A. (2017). Geontologies: The Concept and Its Territories. E-Flux,
April 2017, 11.
https://www.e-flux.com/journal/81/123372/geontologies-the-concept-and-its-territories/
Roane, E. D. (2011). The Reemergence of Spinoza’s Conatus in the Political
Sphere. Southwest Philosophical Studies, 33.
Sarukkai, S. (1997). the “Other” in Anthropology and Philosophy. Economic
and Political Weekly, 32(24), 1406–1409.
Shiva, V. (1993). Monocultures of the Mind--Understanding the Threats to
Biological and Cultural Diversity. Indian Journal of Public Administration,
39(3), 237–248. https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/0019556119930304
Shiva, V. (2014). Monocultures of the Mind. In V. Shiva (Ed.), The
Vandana Shiva Reader. University Press of Kentucky.
Sprenger, Guido & Großmann, K. (2018). Plural Ecologies in Southeast
Asia. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 33(2),
ix–xxii.
Strathern, M. (2014). Cutting the Network. In H. L. & T. S. Moore (Ed.),
Anthropology in Theory: Issues in Epistemology. Wiley-Blackwell.
Sutiono, A. (2014). The roles and significance of wong pinter, the
Javanese shaman (Issue April). The University of Leeds.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia of Britannica. (2020). Geologic Time.
https://www.britannica.com/science/geologic-time
Utarini, A., Indriani, C., Ahmad, R. A., Tantowijoyo, W., Arguni, E.,
Ansari, M. R., Supriyati, E., Wardana, D. S., Meitika, Y., Ernesia, I.,
Nurhayati, I., Prabowo, E., Andari, B., Green, B. R., Hodgson, L., Cutcher, Z.,
Rancès, E., Ryan, P. A., O’Neill, S. L., … Simmons, C. P. (2021). Efficacy of
Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control of Dengue. New
England Journal of Medicine, 384(23), 2177–2186.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2030243
Wardana, A. (2022). A quest for agency in the Anthropocene: Law and
environmental movements in Southeast Asia. Review of European, Comparative
& International Environmental Law, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12467
Winter, C. J. (2022). Introduction: What’s the value of multispecies
justice? Environmental Politics, 31(2), 251–257.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2039001
Wolf, E. R. (2010). Europe and the People Without History.
University of California Press.
Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Summerhayes, C. P., Wolfe, A. P.,
Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Crutzen, P., Ellis, E., Fairchild, I. J.,
Gałuszka, A., Haff, P., Hajdas, I., Head, M. J., Ivar do Sul, J. A., Jeandel,
C., Leinfelder, R., McNeill, J. R., Neal, C., Odada, E., … Williams, M. (2017).
The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of evidence and interim
recommendations. Anthropocene, 19, 55–60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001
Zhang, X. (2010). On the Influence of Naturalism on American Literature. English
Language Teaching, 3(2), 195–198.
